Subregional analyses showed that the correlations between UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ and WORMS varied with the location of cartilage. The differences in UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values among different extent and depth groups of cartilage lesions were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). Higher UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values were observed in both larger and deeper lesions in the cartilage. UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ showed significant positive correlations with KL grade (r = 0.15, p < 0.05) and WORMS (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). The performance of the UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ technique in evaluating the degeneration of knee cartilage was assessed via the ANOVA comparisons with subregional analysis and Spearman's correlation coefficient as well as the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve.
STAR CONTROL 2 MAPS FULL
The UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values were obtained using 3D UTE-Cones data acquisitions preceded by seven paired adiabatic full passage pulses that corresponded to seven spin-locking times (TSLs) of 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 ms. WORMS were regrouped to encompass the extent of lesions and the depth of lesions. The human subjects were categorized into three groups, namely normal controls (KL0), doubtful-minimal osteoarthritis (OA) (KL1-2), and moderate-severe OA (K元-4). Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade and Whole-Organ Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging Score (WORMS) were evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Sixty-six human subjects were recruited for this study. To evaluate articular cartilage degeneration using quantitative three-dimensional ultrashort-echo-time cones adiabatic-T1ρ (3D UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ) imaging. Studies have shown an inverse relationship. The relationship between T and cartilage morphology 2 has been evaluated cross-sectionally and longitudinally. By non-invasively evaluating cartilage integrity, T 2 relaxation time may provide insight on the heterogeneity of cartilage degeneration in OA. Recent studies 2 have used texture analysis to quantify the differences in spatial distribution of T values and reported that entropy 2 of cartilage T is significantly greater in osteoarthritic 2 cartilage than in healthy cartilage (Blumenkrantz et al. These results 2 demonstrate the necessity to characterize and quantify the spatial distribution of cartilage T values. (2005) found no difference between mean T values in OA 2 cartilage however, they showed visual differences in the spatial distribution of the T values.
Studies have evaluated 2 the spatial distribution of cartilage T 2 : Dray et al. These maps demonstrate the heterogeneity of cartilage T values.
Figure 4 illustrates Z-score maps of a control, a mild OA subject, and a severe OA subject, respectively. The Z-score 2 maps normalize the T results for each subject to the mean 2 value of the control subjects.
A voxel in a Z–image was calculated by 2 (VoxelI - Mean )/ SD, where normal,compartment normal,compartment VoxelI is the T in the voxel of interest, Mean 2 normal,compartment is the mean T for all voxels of the normal knees in that 2 compartment, and the SD is the standard normal,compartment deviation of the same normal T distribution.
Voxel based Z-scores were generated in each compartment of the articular cartilage for the T images. used Z-score maps to compare cartilage T values of OA subjects to 2 those in control subjects. have shown that the cartilage T values are associated with the severity 2 of OA, and variations exist between tibial and femoral cartilage T 2 (Dunn et al. In vivo MR imaging studies have demonstrated that cartilage T values are related to age, and vary from the 2 subchondral bone to the cartilage surface (Dardzinski et al. that the “magic-angle effect” may not be the major determinant of T heterogeneity in high-curvature articular 2 cartilage (Mosher et al.
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